{"id":1674,"date":"2024-05-16T17:12:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T15:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/academievin.org\/conference\/willi-klinger\/"},"modified":"2025-06-06T09:33:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T07:33:48","slug":"willi-klinger","status":"publish","type":"conference","link":"https:\/\/academievin.org\/en\/conference\/willi-klinger\/","title":{"rendered":"Willi Klinger"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon..png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon..png 512w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-270x270.png 270w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-192x192.png 192w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/academievin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/cropped-favicon.-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p><em>&#8220;Chinese Viticulture &#8211; Development and Potential<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p>WINE AND VINEYARDS IN CHINA<\/p>\n\n<p>In 2012:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>4th country in the world for surface area planted with vines (665,600 ha)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5th, for its wine production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local wine consumption doubled between 2006 and 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Per capita consumption (2012): 0.35 liters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>History<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Origins 7000 or 4500 BC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1892, Zhang Bishi, a Chinese diplomat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1949 &#8211; People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1978 &#8211; The economy opens up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE &#8211; Where are the main plantations?<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xinjiang: 21.5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hebei (Beijing): 11.4% sales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shandong (Yantai-Penglai): 5.6%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gansu: 4th largest producer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shanxi: 5.3%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Henan 4.5%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ningxia: 4.4%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yunnan: 4.1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Other regions<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inner Mongolia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shaanxi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Jilin in the northeast<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Production<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>980 wineries vinify 1\/6 of production<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40% of wine production is vinified in : Yantai-Penglai, Shandong Province, with over 150 wineries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2nd province: Hebei (Beijing)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>KEY DATES, GREAT WINERIES AND BRANDS<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1980 -R\u00e9my-Martin with Tianjin Dynasty Winery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1980s -China Great Wall Wine Co (COFCO, the Chinese state)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1985 &#8211; Ch. Huadong-Parry, Shandong &#8211; \u201cthe 1st ch\u00e2teau-style winery in China\u201d, Qingdao <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1987 &#8211; Pernod-Ricard &#8211; Dragon Seal<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Huadong-Parry Castle, Shandong:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1999 &#8211; Domaine Franco-Chinois<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Under the presidency of Jacques Chirac and China&#8217;s Vice-Premier, Wen Jiabao (33 ha. 16 varieties of viniferas) <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2000 and since &#8211; The national market opens up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>2007 &#8211; Ch\u00e2teau Changyu (1892) becomes a faux-French ch\u00e2teau &#8220;Disney-like Wine experience destination&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<p>CEPAGES<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Red varieties dominate, with 80% of the total, the main ones being :<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cabernet Sauvignon +\/- 60%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Merlot and Cabernet Gernischt (Carmen\u00e8re): 10% each<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syrah\/ Shiraz, Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Saperavi, Petit Verdot, Carignan,<br\/>Marselan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other varieties &#8211; In Yunnan: Rose Honey, French Wild, Dancing in the Clouds&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>White varieties<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chardonnay 70% of total<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Welsch Riesling, with a bit of Riesling &#8211; 10% &#8211; 10% of the wine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muscat blanc \u00e0 petits grains, Sauvignon blanc, Rkatsiteli, Chenin blanc, Gew\u00fcrztraminer, Longyan and Muscat de Hamburg, Petit Manseng, Cristal (hybrid, from Yunnan), + Vidal for ice wines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vitis amurensis, resistant to extreme winter cold.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>THE CLIMATE<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>East coast provinces &#8211; Shandong, Tianjin &#8211; latitudes 36-40\u00b0 N. Temperatures conducive to wine production.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No need to bury vines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>BUT<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thunderstorms, monsoons and typhoons &#8211; in summer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The vines must be buried under 40 to 60cm of soil, to protect them from temperatures that can drop to -22\u00b0C or -40\u00b0C in winter. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Yanhuai Valley Region<\/p>\n\n<p>Hebei province, North of Beijing, Amethyst Manor estate, Yanhuai Valley<\/p>\n\n<p>Burying the vines<\/p>\n\n<p>After harvest<\/p>\n\n<p>Pruning<br\/>Burying the vines (can take 2 to 3 weeks)<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 2008, +\/- 15% of vines in some regions were killed by early cold.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>So there is a tendency to harvest early.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In spring, the vines need to be straightened up quickly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Costs: 35% to 40% of total viticulture costs, over a year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>VITICULTURE &#8211; problems<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rootstocks resistant to winter cold are required (Phylloxera does not seem to be present).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High yields.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Humidity level.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diseases encouraged by thick foliage: Oidium, mildew, anthracnose, white rot, &amp; grey rot, Bitter rot (Greeneria uvicola).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Other problems<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Difficulty imposing treatment programs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grape prices often determined by fruit weight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strong winds in summer, hot sands, winds full of sand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Losses and injuries caused by burying and straightening vines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The productive life of vines is shorter&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wages for vineyard workers in Ningxia have doubled in 3-4 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Workers move to the cities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Will there be a shortage of manpower?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the other hand, in the north-west and central regions, strong summer winds and heat can reduce the need for treatment, and allow the production of organic wines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Medium-sized and small establishments<\/p>\n\n<p>1 &#8211; Grace Vineyard, Shanxi<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Established in 1997 by a Hong Kong entrepreneur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>15 wines, French grape varieties, including a Chairman&#8217;s Reserve Bordeaux blend: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, &amp; Cabernet Sauvignon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>2 &#8211; Silver Heights, Ningxia, altitude 1100 metres<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The idea dates back to 1998. Emma Gao, encouraged by her father, was studying wine in Bordeaux. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2011, his Bordeaux-blend The Summit stood out against Chinese and Bordeaux wines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Target of 50 hectares in production soon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Shangri-La, Yunnan<\/p>\n\n<p>Mo\u00ebt-Hennessy Shangri-La (Deqin) Winery<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LVMH with VATS Group LIQUOR, since 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vineyards in northwest Yunnan, between Yangtse and Mekong.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Altitudes up to 2,800 meters. Rainfall: 200 to 300 mm\/year. Temperatures 30\u00b0 to -4\u00b0C.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No need to bury the vines. 3,000 hours of sunshine a year, latitude 23\u00b0&#8230; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1,800 families grow 80% Cabernet Sauvignon, 10% Merlot, 10% Chardonnay&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Since 2010, and L&#8217;Avenir?<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cabernet Sauvignon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cabernet Gernischt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marselan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syrah\/Shiraz, Zinfandel, other viniferas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vitis amurensis, etc&#8230;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mechanized burial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Search for more suitable terroirs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Cabernet Sauvignon &#8211; Xinjiang<\/p>\n\n<p>Ch\u00e2teau Glamorn<br\/>Cabernet Sauvignon Dry Red 2013<br\/>Alc. 13.5%<br\/>Price: RMB 80<br\/>Region: Wushitala, Heshuo, Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region <\/p>\n\n<p>Cabernet Gernischt &#8211; (Carmenere) &#8211; Ningxia<\/p>\n\n<p>XiXiaKing Chateau Global Jade Spring<br\/>Quality Cabernet Gernischt 2012<br\/>Alc. 12%<br\/>Price: RMB 138<br\/>Region: East Foothills of Helan Mountain, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region <\/p>\n\n<p>Marselan &#8211; Cabernet Sauvignon x Grenache<\/p>\n\n<p>Obtained by Paul Truel in 1961, INRA<br\/>Domaine Franco-Chinois, Yanhuai Valley, Hebei province<br\/>Reserve Marselan 2011<br\/>Alc. 14.5%<br\/>Price: RMB 1288 <\/p>\n\n<p>Thanks<\/p>\n\n<p>&#8211; Wine in China Magazine, Owner: Professor Weidong Huang, and his team: Constance Zhao and Bruce Guo<\/p>\n\n<p>&#8211; Jancis Robinson MW World Wine Atlas (2013), Oxford Companion to Wine, (3rd Edition Publication: September 2015)<\/p>\n\n<p>&#8211; My faithful interpreter Austin ZHANG, with my other colleagues at Christie&#8217;s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","conference_type":[58],"conference_category":[86],"class_list":["post-1674","conference","type-conference","status-publish","hentry","conference_type-58","conference_category-presentation-of-wine-regions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Willi Klinger | Acad\u00e9mie Internationale du Vin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/academievin.org\/en\/conference\/willi-klinger\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Willi Klinger | Acad\u00e9mie Internationale du Vin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&#8220;Chinese Viticulture &#8211; Development and Potential WINE AND VINEYARDS IN CHINA In 2012: History GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE &#8211; Where are the main plantations? 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